2017, Volume 14, Issue 3
|
Janne Saarikivi On the Problem of the Pre-Christian Finnic Personal Names in the Toponymy of the Russian North
Voprosy onomastiki, 2017, Volume 14, Issue 3, pp. 168–184 (in Russian) Received 26 July 2017 Abstract: The article addresses an understudied problem of pre-Christian Finnic personal names in the toponymy of the Russian North. In his observations, the author notes a considerable share of toponyms including such personal names recorded in the region, although in quantitative terms their number is still less than in other historical Finnic territories. The given study explores North Russian substrate toponyms derived from pre-Christian Finnic personal names in a broad typological setting, covering place names of a significant part of the European north-west (Finland, Karelia, Estonia, Latvia). The article focuses on eight components most frequently occurring in the toponyms: Iha-, Ikä-, Kaipa-, Leina-, Lempe-, Monta-, Usko-, Vihti-. The use of cartographic method allows the author to locate these ancient Finnic stems, which subsequently leads him to create the final map that correlates their distribution area with that of toponyms featuring the *hiite- stem, meaning ‘pre-Christian sanctuary’. This correlation gives a further testimony to the results of nominal stems mapping, since the *hiite- lexeme is proto-Finnic, which makes it highly plausible the toponyms derived from it can adhere to the era of the early settling of the Baltic Finns. According to the author’s conclusions, on the whole, the area of pre-Christian Finnic names in toponymy attests to the formerly vast territory of the Finnic tribes’ residence, which is now Russified in the north-east and Balticised in the south. The Russian North, in particular, shows the traces of several groups of the Finnic population; as the author suggests, along with Karelian and Vepsian native speakers, the region also used to have residents who spoke an unknown Finnic language. Keywords: Russian North, substrate toponymy, anthroponymy, pre-Christian personal names, Finnic languages References Ainiala, T., & Saarikivi, J. (Eds.). (2017, in print). Personal Name Systems in Finnic and beyond. Helsinki: Société Finno-Ougrienne. Balode, L., & Buss, O. (2007). On Latvian Toponyms of Finno-Ugrian Origin. In J. Saarikivi, & R. L. Pitkänen (Eds.), Onomastica Uralica 4. Borrowing of Place Names in the Uralian Languages (pp. 27–43). Debrecen; Helsinki: Kapitális. Kabinina, N. V. (2011). Substratnaia toponimiia Arkhangel’skogo Pomor’ia [Substrate Toponymy of Arkhangelsk Pomorye]. Ekaterinburg: Ural University Press. Kansalaisen karttapaikka [Citizen’s MapSite]. Retrieved from https://asiointi.maanmittauslaitos.fi/karttapaikka/. Kirisheva, T. I. (2006). Russkaia toponimiia finno-ugorskogo proiskhozhdeniia na territorii Onezhskogo poluostrova [Russian Toponymy of Finno-Ugric Origin on the Territory of the Onega Peninsula] (Doctoral dissertation). Ekaterinburg: Ural State University. Koski, M. (1967). Itämerensuomalaisten kielten hiisi-sanue. Semanttinen tutkimus: 1 [The hiisi Words in Finnic Languages. The Semantic Research] (Vol. 1). Turku: University of Turku. Kuzmin, D. V. (2003). Areal’naia distributsiia toponimnykh modelei Belomorskoi Karelii [Areal Distribution of Toponymic Models of the White Sea Karelia] (Doctoral dissertation). Petrozavodsk: Petrozavodsk State University. Kuzmin, D. (2014). Vienan Karjalan asutushistoria paikannimistön valossa [The Settlement History of the White Sea Karelia in the Light of Onomastics] (Doctoral dissertation). Helsinki: University of Helsinki. Kuzmin, D. (2017). Adaptation of Orthodox Personal Names in the Karelian Language. In T. Ainiala, & J. Saarikivi (Eds.), Personal Name Systems in Finnic and beyond (In print). Helsinki: Société Finno-Ougrienne. Makarova, A. A. (2012). Russkaia ozernaia gidronimiia Belozer’ia: sistemno-funktsional’nyi aspect [Russian Lake Names of Belozerye: Systemic and Functional Aspects] (Doctoral dissertation). Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg. Matveyev, A. K. (2001–2014). Substratnaia toponimiia Russkogo Severa [Substrate Toponymy of the Russian North] (Vols. 1–4). Ekaterinburg: Ural University Press. Mikkonen, P., & Paikkala, S. (2000). Sukunimet [Surnames]. Helsinki: Otava. Mullonen, I. I. (1994). Ocherki vepsskoi toponimii [Essays on Vepsian Toponymy]. Saint Petersburg: Nauka. Mullonen, I. I. (2002). Toponimiia Prisvir’ia: Problemy etnoiazykovogo kontaktirovaniia [Toponymy of the Svir River Region: Ethnolinguistic Contacts]. Petrozavodsk: PetrGU. Mullonen, I. I. (2008). Toponimiia Zaonezh’ia: Slovar’ s istoriko-kul’turnymi kommentariiami. [The Toponymy of Zaonezhye: A Dictionary with Historical and Cultural Comments]. Petrozavodsk: KarNTs RAN. Paikkala, S. et. al. (2007). Suomalainen paikannimikirja [A Dictionary of Finnish Place Names]. Helsinki: Karttakeskus. Saar, E. (2017). Forenames in 16th and 17th Century Southeastern Estonia. In T. Ainiala, & J. Saarikivi, Personal Name Systems in Finnic and beyond (In print). Helsinki: Société Finno-Ougrienne. Saarikivi, J. (2005). Pribaltiisko-finskaia antroponimiia v substratnykh nazvaniiakh Russkogo Severa [Finnic Anthroponymy in the Substrate Names of the Russian North]. In A. K. Matveyev (Ed.), Etimologicheskie issledovaniia [Etymological Studies] (Issue 8, pp. 136–148). Ekaterinburg: Ural University Press. Saarikivi, J. (2007). Finnic Personal Names on Novgorod Birch Bark Documents. In J. Nuorluoto (Ed.), Topics on the Ethnic, Linguistic and Cultural Making of the Russian North (pp. 196–246). Helsinki: University of Helsinki. Stoebke, D.-E. (1964). Die alten ostseefinnischen Personennamen im Rahmen eines urfinnischen Namensystems [The Old Finnic Personal Names in the Proto-Finniс Name System]. Hamburg: Leibniz-Verlag. |
 |
