2016, Volume 13, Issue 2

Back to the Table of Contents

Vladimir V. Napolskikh
Udmurt State University
Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University
A. Khalikov Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan
Izhevsk — Kazan

A Breakthrough in the Study of the Merya Problem.
Review of the book: Matveyev, A. K. (2015). Substratnaia toponimiia Russkogo Severa [Substrate Toponymy of the Russian North] (Vol. 4: Toponimiia merianskogo tipa [Merya-like Toponymy]). Ekaterinburg: Ural University Press

Voprosy onomastiki, 2016, Volume 13, Issue 2, pp. 177–189 (in Russian)
DOI: 10.15826/vopr_onom.2016.13.2.024

Received 12 July 2016

Abstract: The fourth volume of the study Substrate toponymy of the Russian North written by the outstanding Russian linguist Aleksandr Matveyev and posthumously published by Oleg Smirnov is an important contribution to solving one of the most complicated problems of the East European prehistory which consists in the linguistic and geographical attribution of the Merya people and in understanding their role in the ethnic history of Russia. In order to achieve these goals, Aleksandr Matveyev systematically analysed the most reliable source which is the toponymy of the Merya people’s historical settlement areas. This led him to trace the boarders of the former habitat of the Merya people, to precise the place of the Merya language within the Finno-Volgaic group and to demonstrate the existence of at least two big dialectal sub-areas on the Merya people’s lands. In this review, the author discusses the results obtained by Aleksandr Matveyev, considers some specific problems of his reconstruction of the Merya people’s language and prehistory and formulates some new questions for further investigations.

Key words: Merya, historical Merya areas, Merya language, substrate toponymy

References

Ahlqvist, A. (1997) Merianskaia problema na fone mnogosloinosti toponimii [The Merya Problem and the Multistratal Structure of Toponymy]. Voprosy jazykoznanija, 6, 22–36.

Ahlqvist, A. (1998). Merjalaiset — suurten järvien kansaa [Merya — the Great Lakes people]. Virittäjä, 1, 24–55.

Ahlqvist, A. (2000a). Meriane, ne meriane... (I) [Merya or not Merya... (Part 1)]. Voprosy jazykoznanija, 2, 15–34.

Ahlqvist, A. (2000b). Meriane, ne meriane... (II) [Merya or not Merya... (Part 2)]. Voprosy jazykoznanija, 3, 83–96.

Ahlqvist, A. (2001). Substratnaia toponimiia Iaroslavskogo Povolzh'ia [Substrate Toponymy of Yaroslavl Area]. In A. S. Gerd, & G. S. Lebedev (Eds.), Ocherki istoricheskoi geografii: Severo-Zapad Rossii: Slaviane i finny [Studies in Historical Geography. The North-West of Russia: Slavs and Finns] (pp. 436–467). Saint Petersburg: SPbGU.

Bakhtin, A. G. (2012). Mariiskii krai v XIII–XVI vekakh: ocherki po istorii [Mari Region in the 13th –16th Centuries]. Yoshkar-Ola: MarGU.

Būga, K. (1959). Rinktiniai raštai [Selected Works] (Vol. 2). Vilnius: Valstybinė politinės ir mokslinės literatūros leidykla.

Filin, F. P., Sorokoletov, F. P., & Myznikov, S. A. (Eds.). (1965–). Slovar’ russkikh narodnykh govorov [A Dictionary of Russian Dialects] (Vols. 1–). Moscow; Leningrad; Saint Petersburg: Nauka.

Khelimsky, E. A. (2006). Severo-zapadnaia gruppa finno-ugorskikh iazykov i ee substratnoe nasledie [The North-Western Group of the Finno-Ugric Languages and the Substrate Heritage]. Voprosy onomastiki, 3, 38–51.

Korsakov, D. A. (1872). Meria i Rostovskoe kniazhestvo [Merya People and Rostov Principality]. Kazan: Universitetskaia tip.

Kuznetsov, S. K. (1910–1912). Russkaia istoricheskaia geografiia [Russian Historical Geography] (Vols. 1–2). Moscow: Sinod. tip.

Leontyev, A. E. Arkheologiia meri. K predystorii Severo-Vostochnoi Rusi [The Archaeology of Merya. Towards the Pre-History of the North-Eastern Rus]. In G. E. Afanasyev, & F. Daim (Eds.), Arkheologiia epokhi velikogo pereseleniia narodov i rannego srednevekov'ia [The Archaeology of the Migration Period and the Early Middle Ages] (vol. 4). Moscow: Institut arkheologii RAN.

Matveyev, A. K. (1991). K lingvoetnicheskoi identifikatsii finno-ugorskoi substratnoi toponimii [Towards the Linguistic and Ethnic Identification of Finno-Ugric Substrate Toponymy]. In V. V. Ivanov, T. M. Sudnik, & E. A. Khelimsky (Eds.), Uralo-Indogermanica (Vol. 1). (pp. 12–16). Moscow: [s. n.].

Matveyev, A. K. (1996). Substratnaia toponimiia Russkogo Severa i merianskaia problema [Substrate Toponymy and the Merya Problem]. Voprosy jazykoznanija, 1, 3–26.

Matveyev, A. K. (1998). Merianskaia toponimiia na Russkom Severe — fantom ili fenomen? [Merya Toponymy in the Russian North — a Phantom or a Phenomenon?]. Voprosy jazykoznanija, 5, 90–105.

Matveyev, A. K. (2001). Merianskaia problema i lingvisticheskoe kartografirovanie [The Merya Problem and Linguistic Mapping]. Voprosy jazykoznanija, 5, 32–59.

Matveyev, A. K. (2004). Substratnaia toponimiia Russkogo Severa [Substrate Toponymy of the Russian North] (Vol. 2). Ekaterinburg: Izd-vo Ural'skogo universiteta.

Matveyev, A. K. (2007). K probleme klassifikatsii iazykov substratnoi toponimii Russkogo Severa [Towards the Classification of the Languages Reflected in the Substrate Toponymy of the Russian North]. Voprosy onomastiki, 3, 14–27.

Mayrhofer, M. (1956–1980). Kurzgefaßtes etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Dictionary of the Old Indic Language] (Vols. 1–4). Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitäts.

Napolskikh, V. V. (2012). “Spisok narodov Germanarikha” — gotskii put' ot Ladogi do Kubani [Ermanaric’s List of Peoples — the Goths’ Way from the Lake Ladoga to Kuban]. Ural'skii istoricheskii vestnik, 2 (35), 20–30.

Napolskikh, V. V. (2015). Ocherki po etnicheskoi istorii [Studies on Ethnic History]. Kazan: Kazanskaia nedvizhimost'.

Pokorny, J. (1959). Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [The Indo-European Etymological Dictionary]. Bern; Wien: Francke.

Popov, A. I. (1974). Toponimika drevnikh merianskikh i muromskikh oblastei [The Toponymy of the Ancient Merya and Muroma Peoples’ Settlement Areas]. In V. P. Kuskov (Ed.), Geograficheskaia sreda i geograficheskie nazvaniia [Geographic Environment and Geographic Names] (pp. 13–28). Leningrad: Russkoe geograficheskoe obshchestvo.

Rahkonen, P. (2012). Granitsy rasprostraneniia meriansko-muromskikh i drevnemordovskikh gidronimov v verkhov'iakh Volgi i basseine reki Oki [Merya-Muromian and Old Mordvin Hydronyms Boundaries in the Upper Volga and Oka Regions]. Voprosy onomastiki, 1 (12), 5–42.

Rédei, K. (Ed.). (1988–1991). Uralisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [The Uralic Etymological Dictionary] (Vols. 1–3). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó.

Shilov, A. L. (2001). O merianskikh toponimicheskikh indikatorakh (golos v diskussii) [On Merya Toponymic Markers (A Contribution to the Discussion)]. Voprosy jazykoznanija, 6, 13–27.

Smirnov, O. V. (2015). “Mariiskaia” gipoteza v issledovanii toponimii Oki i Unzhi i zapadnye granitsy drevnemariiskoi toponimii [The “Mari” Hypothesis in the Study of the Toponymy of the Oka and Unzha Rivers and the Western Borders of the Old Mari Toponymic Area]. Voprosy onomastiki, 2 (19), 7–61.

Tkachenko, O. B. (1985). Merianskii iazyk [The Merya Language]. Kiev: Naukova dumka.

Tkachenko, O. B. (2007). Issledovaniia po merianskomu iazyku [Studies on the Merya Language]. Kostroma: Infopress.

Vasmer, M. (1935). Beiträge zur historische Völkerkunde Osteuropas. III. Merja und Tscheremissen [Works on the Ethnic History of East Europe. Part 3: Merya and Mari Peoples]. Sitzungsberichte der Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philosophisch-historische Klasse, 19, 507–594.